The role of the energy storage and the demand response in the robust reserve and network-constrained joint electricity and reserve market

Increase of the variable renewable energy sources in power system is causing additional needs for reserve system. On other hand, integration storage and demand response offers flexibility Most current studies that model systems do not market. Because this, these eliminate possibility to assess full benefits response. The method proposed this study enables comparison between two approaches evaluates both approaches. case was conducted on consisted 13 interconnected nodes. results showed operation cost 28.1% higher when constraints were imposed most pessimistic scenario. Moreover, flexible loads achieved significantly revenues they able participate indicated need development market as well frameworks will enable markets.